Effects of emulsified versus saline administration of GnRHa on induction of ovulation in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

The effects of saline-dissolved or Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA)-emulsified GnRHa treatment on the induction of ovulation in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were examined. The FIA-emulsified GnRHa was first diluted in 0.25 ml physiological saline and then mixed with an equal volume of FIA. Fish were selected in the beginning of the spawning season and were allocated into four groups and were treated intraperitoneally with (a) 0.5 ml of emulsified GnRHa (GnRHa–FIA), (b) 0.5 ml saline-dissolved GnRHa in a single injection (GnRHa-1), (c) 0.5 ml saline-dissolved GnRHa in two injections spaced 1 d apart (GnRHa-2) and (d) 0.5 ml of saline (Control). The GnRHa dose in all hormone treatments was 25 µg kg^− 1. All fish in the FIA–GnRHa and GnRHa-2 groups ovulated within 10 and 11 d after treatment, respectively. In contrast, only 75% in the Control fish and 60% of the fish in the GnRHa-1 group ovulated within 36 d after treatment. None of the treatments caused any pre- or post-spawning mortality in the broodstock. Fertilization, eyeing and hatching percentages of the produced progeny were normal in all the treatment groups and did not differ significantly among them. In conclusion, FIA-emulsified GnRHa can be effective in advancing the onset of and synchronizing the ovulation of rainbow trout within a two-week period, thus shortening the egg collection period, without affecting broodstock survival and egg quality.     

Management of Grazing Intensity in the Semi‐Arid Rangelands of Southern Australia: Effects on Soil and Biodiversity

Overgrazing contributes to rangeland degradation altering plant community composition, erosion and biodiversity. Little unanimity in the literature exists on the effects of livestock grazing on soil carbon and biodiversity, in part, due to uncontrolled grazing pressure from native and feral animals. Paired paddock contrasts at three, long‐term (>8 years) study locations in the southern Australian rangelands were used to examine the effects of managing grazing intensity through the use of exclusion fencing and rotational grazing on soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nitrogen (TN), ground cover and biodiversity (flora and invertebrates). Grazing management had no effect on SOC or TN on grey soils (Vertisols), but for red soils (Lixisols), significantly higher levels of SOC were found for both the 0 to 5 and 5 to 10‐cm soil depths (0·3% and 0·27% respectively) and associated with increased TN. We found strong and consistent relationships among SOC and higher perennial (p < 0·001), higher litter (p < 0·05) cover and close proximity to trees (p < 0·05). Managing grazing intensity resulted in significantly higher perennial ground cover (p < 0·001) on Vertisols (8·9 to 11%) and Lixisols (12·5 to 15%) and higher plant diversity (both native and exotic) but negatively impacted invertebrate diversity, indicating trade‐offs between production and resources. We provide evidence that the effects of grazing management on SOC are mediated by ground cover and increased organic matter supply and/or reduced soil carbon redistribution (erosion), which indicates that the management of grazing intensity may provide a tool to avoid soil carbon loss in rangelands. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SiF基态分子（X^2Ⅱr）的解析势能函数

利用群论及原子分子反应静力学的有关原理，推导了SiF分子基态的电子态和合理的离解极限，并利用Gaussian 03程序包，采用QCISD（T）和B3P86方法结合D95（3df，3pd），CC-PVTZ，6-311g＊＊和6-311＋＋g（3df，3pd）基组，对SiF分子的基态X^2Ⅱr平衡结构和谐振频率进行了优化计算。通过比较计算结果，发现B3P86方法为最优方法、D95（3df，3pd）为最佳基组。使用该方法和基组对SiF分子的基态进行了单点势能扫描计算，并采用正规方程组拟合Murrell-Sorbie函数，得到了SiF分子基态完整的解析势能函数，计算出了SiF分子的光谱常数ωe、ωeXe、Be和αe的值。     

辽宁省地下水盈亏现状

辽宁省水资源贫乏(年人均885米~3)。由于人口的迅速增长和工农业的迅速发展,国民经济各部门对水的需求量越来越大,对地下水的需求量一直在不断增长,以致引起局部地区地下水超采,并在沈阳、辽阳、鞍山和大连等地出现地下水位下降、永久性地下水漏斗形成、含水层部分疏干以及海水内侵等一系列生态环境问题。     

Evaluation of coastal sandy soils and their saline ground waters for afforestation: A case study from India

A study was conducted in coastal Andhra Pradesh to evaluate current practices and suitability of coastal sandy soils for raising tree plantations. Poor soil moisture retention characteristics of these soils make irrigation an essential, but costly silvicultural practice for obtaining desirable establishment and growth. Saline ground water is the only available source of irrigation. Its use seems safe and successful in such soils. The farmers have adopted a specialized manual splashing technique (Doruvu) of seepage pits for irrigating tree plantations in their establishment phase. This technique was observed to be well suited to the sandy soils. Casuarina equisetifolia and Eucalyptus tereticornis were the two most popular species being afforested. E. camaldulensis is also in an introduction phase. Comparison of growth performance and biomass accumulation by C. equisetifolia and E. tereticornis plantations at different growth stages showed the former to be significantly better than the latter. Build up of the soil organic carbon was also found to be markedly more in comparable C. equisetifolia plantations than those of E. tereticornis. Similarly, the blanketing influence of C. equisetifolia plantations was observed to modify soil temperature extremes considerably more than in the case of E. tereticornis. The findings, indicated a vast scope for utilization of coastal sandy soils for afforestation with the successful use of saline ground waters.     

Diversity and abundance of carabid beetles in short-rotation plantings of sweetgum, maize and switchgrass in Alabama

This study compares assemblages of carabid beetles, potentially important regulators of herbivorous insect pests, in short-rotation plantings of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) with and without grass cover crops, maize (Zea mays L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). A total of 38 species were trapped during the summers of 1996 and 1997. The dominant carabid encountered was Harpalus pensylvanicus Latreille, a widespread omnivorous species; H. pensylvanicus was particularly prevalent in maize plots. Several other commonly encountered species were primarily associated with one plot type. Overall carabid activity was found to be similar in maize and switchgrass plots and much greater than that in sweetgum plots of both cover types. This may be related to the presence of more consistently available dense ground cover in these plots compared to sweetgum plots, a situation favored by most carabids, although both abundance and diversity were similar in sweetgum plots with and without cover. Diversity, as indicated by species richness and dominance levels, was greater in switchgrass than in maize or sweetgum plots, which were similar. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

谈地面辐射采暖方式的应用

本文阐述了地面辐射采暖的特点及辐射采暖的构造,施工方法及注意事项。     

塞罕坝林场主要树种一元立木地径材积表的编制

本文根据塞罕坝林场4个树种(樟子松、落叶松、白桦和山杨)的胸径、地径调查材料,利用胸径、地径之间存在的显著直线相关关系,分树种建立经验方程,求算出各径阶的胸径、地径对应值,通过一元立木材积式,导引出一元立木地径材积式(表)。     

西藏林芝县高山松林下可燃物资源调查与分析

通过样地调查和取样分析，分析了林芝县高山松林下各类可燃物的含水率及其资源量。认为林芝县高山松林下可燃物中，死地被物层含水量最低，资源量最大，是高山松林下可燃物的主要组成部分，加之高山松本身含脂量又高，所以高山松林内火险等级高，火灾隐患大。据此，提出了防火建议。     

桥头跳车原因与防治措施

本文从路在沉降、施工方法和结构体系上对桥头跳车病害进行原因分析,提出减少病害防治措施。